11.11.11
Jamrach's Menagerie by Carol Birch
It tells the story of Jaff and his seafaring friends and their disastrous maritime adventure. Jaff is born in a poor working class slum, and works in a local hotel cleaning the vessels. Once while on one of his walks he falls for a Tiger on loose, that he tries to touch its nose in turn to get caught in its jaws. That simply implies to his fascination for animals, birds and natural history. He says that is when he was born again.
Jamrach, an animal collector and an adventurer himself, rescues him and takes him to his unique menagerie of exotic animals and Jaff just finds where he wants to belong. That is when a ship is chartered for Dutch East indies on a mission for Jamrach, and Jaff couldn't resist from signing up for it. Thus begins the ride through the turbulent Atlantic and peaceful Pacific into Dutch East Indies like the good old Jack Sparrow.
They arrive at the Dutch east Indian colony, possibly one of the present Indonesian islands, to capture the dragon(iguanas) and take it back to the ship. Somehow the hell breaks loose after that animal arrives in the ship. A maritime adventure has one thing inevitable, storm and a shipwreck. I was anyways waiting for that to happen. Now that happened in their return journey to Valparaiso. That journey would test their spirit of comradeship and friendship against instincts for survival as the ship gets caught in a deadly maelstrom and is crushed, leaving them to take refuge in two boats against the violent ocean. As their supplies starts running out, so does their sanity. When caught in a calamity, somethings have to be forgotten and some unforgivable choices have to be made for the survival of the most. For the survivors it would leave scars irreparable for lifetime.
I first found this book to be in league with children's adventure book and was wondering how it got nominated for Booker. The characters, apart from few important ones, were rather flat and the story proceeds mostly on the strength of narration. Even then the journey and the menagerie of sailors entertained themselves with wit, songs and hope for adventure. But soon, as the tragedy befalls, and the waters started getting murkier, as the adventure ends and horror begins, the mood of the novel turns darker. The final chapters of Part 2 just shies away from sickening the readers while the Part 3 tries to rehabilitate the shattered spirits. The second half of the book somehow reminded me of the "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. "Water water everywhere, not a drop to drink". It is an unforgettable adventure.
They arrive at the Dutch east Indian colony, possibly one of the present Indonesian islands, to capture the dragon(iguanas) and take it back to the ship. Somehow the hell breaks loose after that animal arrives in the ship. A maritime adventure has one thing inevitable, storm and a shipwreck. I was anyways waiting for that to happen. Now that happened in their return journey to Valparaiso. That journey would test their spirit of comradeship and friendship against instincts for survival as the ship gets caught in a deadly maelstrom and is crushed, leaving them to take refuge in two boats against the violent ocean. As their supplies starts running out, so does their sanity. When caught in a calamity, somethings have to be forgotten and some unforgivable choices have to be made for the survival of the most. For the survivors it would leave scars irreparable for lifetime.
I first found this book to be in league with children's adventure book and was wondering how it got nominated for Booker. The characters, apart from few important ones, were rather flat and the story proceeds mostly on the strength of narration. Even then the journey and the menagerie of sailors entertained themselves with wit, songs and hope for adventure. But soon, as the tragedy befalls, and the waters started getting murkier, as the adventure ends and horror begins, the mood of the novel turns darker. The final chapters of Part 2 just shies away from sickening the readers while the Part 3 tries to rehabilitate the shattered spirits. The second half of the book somehow reminded me of the "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. "Water water everywhere, not a drop to drink". It is an unforgettable adventure.
3.11.11
Oru Deshathinte Katha
The book could be classified as a autobiographical, dramatic, humorous, tragic, adventurous, romantic, poetic piece of fiction. It is filled with short stories in the form of fables, real incidents, memoirs, history, flash-backs and rumors about all the colorful characters of that village, everyone well connected to the flow of the novel. The characters are very real and there would be someone whom you could always relate to . Their little adventures, romance, fights and grief is what this novel is all about. These stories would ultimately they leave some marks in our hearts, good or bad.
It is a period novel set in pre-independence Kerala and hence the story touches through the Feudalistic culture, incidents like Moplah rebellion, revolutions like gandhian independence struggle, world wars etc. As mentioned above major part of the novel is around the life of Sreedharan, the style of narration matures as he move from his childhood to Adulthood, from his schoolboy mind to a more matured adult. His dislike of mathematics and
Memories are tastier than imagination. This novel has that taste of memories. Like MT says in Kaadhikante Panippura ‘Stories are the unspeakable pain of writer’s heart’, as SK lets the memories flow out of him through his pen he lets those suppressed emotions also fill into the words. The episodes of Sreedharan’s childhood adventures, ‘Supper Sarkeet’ gang, Krishnanmaster, the Railway signal control room, Kunjappoo’s life, the Kunjikelu Melan’s contemptuous life, Kuloose Parangodan, Ammukutty etc vividly creates an Athiranipadam of imagination in the mind and at the end you will feel that so long you have been living in that village along with all these people.
Written in a very simple and colloquial language, it is a must read!
17.9.11
The Hunger
On the wake of Anna Hazare’s Hunger strike, I happened to see a movie on another hunger striker, Bobby Sands. "Hunger", directed by Steve McQueen, depicts a real life story of IRA revolutionary Bobby Sands as he, along with other prison inmates, goes on indefinite hunger strike to protest against the English occupation of Northern Ireland and the denial to give political status to the IRA prisoners. The movie covers the days of “blanket and no wash” protest and the subsequent indefinite hunger strike. The hunger strike and subsequent death of 9 prisoners including Bobby Sands lead to a worldwide protest and condemnation of Margaret Thatcher’s policies and lead to a new wave of Irish nationalism.
There is an interesting conversation between Bobby Sands and the Father Dominic Moran, who was called in to dissuade him from the strike. That scene, about 20 mins long, was shot in a single go, and comes up suddenly after an hour or so without any dialogues. Michael Fassbender, who plays the role of Bobby Sands, went through a crash diet for the final part of the movie. The painful final minutes were indeed well enacted and picturised. The movie never tries to take sides. There is a scene where an IRA man comes and shoots a police man, in cold blood, inside an old age home when the policeman was talking to his aged mother, in front of her. It also tries to look at the conditions of policemen and wardens of the prison and how life becomes unsettling amidst riots and death threats.
After the success of various hunger strikes this has apparently become a favourite tool against establishments. Many bogus hunger strikers have emerged in political circle. Though many hunger strikes assumes the cloak of non-violence, there are always a threat of unprecedented violence on the event of the death of the striker. LTTE leader Thileepan, when IPKF was brought in, went ahead with a hunger strike. He thought India was still Gandhian and would consider his peaceful protests. But IPKF stayed and Thileepan died after 86 days. And we all know how they had started the plan to assassinate Rajiv Gandhi that moment and where it all ended. Similar thing happened since the death of Potti Sriramulu. That exactly would have happened, had GOI allowed Anna Hazare to fast until death. And that is what makes it a blackmailing act, which may or may not be an intention of the striker but definitely looms as a tipping point for an avalanche of human sentiments. That makes hunger strike a potentially violent act.
PS. Bobby Sands was elected to British parliament when he was doing hunger strike in the prison. Iranian government changed the name of ‘Winston Churchill Boulevard’ where British Embassy stood to Bobby Sands street. British embassy changed their entrance to adjacent street to avoid using Bobby Sand’s name in their address!
1.9.11
What is it with corruption
What is it with the protests against corruption that attracts much people, that protests on other crimes do not? Irom Sharmila had been fasting unto death for repealing the Arms force special act from Manipur. Medha Patkar had been doing various protests for long, for Narmada bachao andolan, recently against the eviction of a slum for some new building. But none of the above stuffs managed to gather any significant public support as the fight against corruption did – considering the fact that the corruption in various forms has become a part of daily life of individuals! Every employed/unemployed lower/middle/upper class would definitely have had their brush with some or the other forms of corruption. Giving bribe to get something done quickly, or maybe a traffic policeman or quoting wrong figure in the land/building registration paper. Still why are people against corruption?

I was reading an article about the tax havens, tax evasion and corporate and government’s role in it. First of all, these Tax havens and other lucrative techniques were not built by politicians nor are they built for them. They probably do hold sufficient money in many lucrative banks but that just comes to a very insignificant(for the country?, oh no!) percentage. Most of the major transactions pass through tax havens, the report says. On top of that the misquoting of taxable and non-taxable items helps evade tax better. Every year approximately 5 lakh crore rupees of corporate tax are being written off in this country and to me that is nothing short of 5 lakh crore worth a scam! The black money, tax evasion etc are some the business as usual for corporate and hence day dreaming that routing out corrupt politicians would end corruption is just futile because they are just middle men in this whole drama.
Today’s newspaper showed how RIL had been goofing the treasury department by quoting over hyped rate over the Krishna Godavari natural gas extraction and supply. The claims, that the license-raj devil can be wiped out by liberalization, proves to be just a lame tirade of the investors lobby. On the contrary what we are witnessing is pure puppetry. Just like how various corporate lobbys, pulling the strings of US policies, have shown how dependent corporates are on policy and law makers, every corporate house expects a corrupt government to be in place so that their monopolist intentions be well managed. We witnessed several high adrenalin protests against the politicians on 2G scam. The investigation reports did mention their names so they rightly deserves chappals and eggs, but the reports also mentioned the names of Reliance, Tata, Uninor and many well known corporate houses. Forget about high decibel cries, did we hear any word being spoken about these big shots in media or any other social gatherings or sites or forums? It could be imagined that Raja wouldn’t have sent out an email to all these chaps asking whether they want some spectrum. In the corporate world politicians are merely agents who gets things done for them, just like a middleman. If these middle men deserves stones and sticks, their employers deserves much more.
Imagine, if Anna Hazare asks the protesters to sell all the Reliance or Tata shares that they are holding, to protest against their corruption, how many of the corruption fighters would be ready for that? What are the chances that Anna Hazare gets tagged as a joker or something like that? Some might want to argue that, as they bring ‘development’ and all that nonsense, it is ok. So should this be interpreted as – I am ok for corruption as long as I am getting a cut out of it? My question is, whom should I slap first? :).
7.6.11
George Orwell & Animal Farm
In my opinion, nothing has contributed so much to the corruption of the original idea of socialism as the belief that Russia is a socialist country and that every act of its rulers must be excused, if not imitated. And so for the last ten years, I have been convinced that the destruction of the Soviet myth was essential if we wanted a revival of the socialist movement.
- Preface to the Ukrainian edition of Animal Farm, as published in The Collected Essays, Journalism, and Letters of George Orwell : As I please, 1943-1945 (1968)
It was only recently that I picked up the Animal Farm from the library, for reading. I had read two of his auto-biographical works ‘Homage to Catalonia’ and ‘Down and out in Paris and London’ and had ever been glued onto the Orwellian perspectives. Animal Farm is, as anybody would know, one of his most popular satire based on the Soviet union during the Stalin’s rule. As much the story is, interesting were the introduction and several prefaces that had been compiled over the book. And as the literary critics claim, this had been one of the daring satire on Soviet Union and highly misinterpreted book much to the sake of the cold war propaganda machines, which in fact contributed to its immense popularity.
George Orwell, born in Calcutta, left for England for schooling to come back later to Burma to join the Indian Imperial police. Having witnessed the ruthlessness of imperial police force he quits the job and leaves for England to concentrate on literary activities. Like many writers and poets did in those days, to free themselves from bourgeoisie culture, he decided to lead a ‘Bohemian’ lifestyle in a Parisian working class suburb in a tiny uncleaned room infested with bed bugs. He later spends a similar life style with the tramps of London. His Down and out in Paris and London comes from those adventures. He later travels to Catalonia to fight along with Anarchists (Trotskyites), against Franco’s fascist forces during which he gets shot through his throat. His Homage to Catalonia accounts his adventures on the war front, commentary on the sophistications of a subaltern’s army and the betrayal of the Soviet supported allied troupe. In between the war, the idea of permanent revolution and the war of independence locked the horns of the Trotskyites and the Stalinists. Orwell believed in a socialism that promoted human freedom and a classless society which he found in Barcelona when it was under the control of the anarchists. Waiters never accepted tips, none address each others as senors or senoritas – they were all comrades. But then the Stalinists, who had been supported by the soviet union, wanted to postpone the revolution for the sake of war against the Franco, which they argued couldn’t go hand in hand as Trotskyites claimed. This later took an ugly turn when the Stalinists captured the Anarchists buildings leading to an internal crisis and bloodshed which ended in the persecution of the Trotskyites as traitors. The Stalinists were much ably equipped with arms compared to the Trotskyites, latter only armed with rifles that either explode when fired or are always jammed. Orwell though manages to escape the persecution, had to witness all his comrades getting captured and ‘disappear’.
Europe, at that time was heavily influenced by the success of Russian revolution. It was, since the failure of Paris Commune, the proletariat government coming to existence breaking the cynicism of the right-wing world. The intellectuals, workers, peasants were all in the move to change the face of Europe. Labour parties and new leftist movements erupted throughout the world since then. Orwell after compilation of the Homage to Catalonia found it difficult to get the book published, which was then picked up by a pro-Trotskyites publishing company which gave much negative publicity to the book as it was conveniently made to believe a Trotskyite propaganda behind it. The idea of Animal Farm must have been in his mind ever since that incident. Orwell was surprised at the silence Britain was having against incorrect propagandas of the Soviet Union and on its contrary censorship move against any anti-soviet union literature. It was a situation where a criticism against Britain is tolerated while a criticism against Soviet union was not. He was annoyed that when the British press did wrote in detail about the famine in Bengal, they chose not to report the famine in Ukraine. The Soviet Union, at the meantime, was improving ties with European nations through the workers union and intellectual circles which were having tremendous influence in the political arena as it would prove in later years at the emergence of socialist parties in Europe. Hence, after he compiled the Animal Farm there was no publisher ready to pick the work out of a fear of displeasure from the government. He quotes, the left leaning publishers were blind and wished to stay so while the right-wing publishers shied away quoting excuses like unavailability of paper and representing the head of the Animal Farm a pig. The only publishing company that came forward was the same Trotskyite leaning Secker and Warburg who published his Homage to Catalonia. Both the author and publisher was aware that this work might get criticized as a usual Trotskyite, anti-Stalinist literature hence that book was, after several delays, published post war as Animal Farm: A fairy tale.
This was, thus, initially promoted as a children’s book, much to Orwell’s annoyance. And since the end of World war and the beginning of the cold war, this book rose to immense popularity due to its childlike narration of history of modern Russia. As mentioned earlier, much to the irony of the original theme, this was then set to become part of the propaganda machines of capitalist block during the cold war, primarily United states. The prefaces of the American editions were largely botched, trying to convey that Orwell was actually writing against Socialism. Much of Ronald Reagan’s propaganda videos tried to replicate the imagery created by Orwell’s Animal Farm. An abridged version was later included as part of the children’s curriculum in schools as a lesson on the evils of socialism. It became a household name for utopian socialist society. Naturally the book was banned in all the soviet bloc’s as well as the countries on soviet alliance adding value to the myth. Though the original title had ‘A fairy tale’ written on it, that was taken out by many publishing companies later so that people don’t ignore it as a children’s book. Several right winged book reviews generously praised Orwell for his anti-communist intellect. Some even argued that this book received much acclaim purely due to its utility during the cold war time.29.5.11
Behind the Breaking news.
The prominence of media in the pseudo-democratic society like India is not under-rated, with most number of newspapers and news channels in several languages frantic on a pursuit to let the people know of the latest hot news. Media, being the fourth estate of a nation, has played its part for keeping up that little bit of democracy it could. At the same time it is challenged by the upper hand of the politics waging secret war against the true journalism. One of the great things that happened in the recent years must be the Rights to Information act rolled out by UPA I. Though now they are realizing the sting of its bite, and is working towards restricting its range, it brought the public closer to the wynds of journalism. Interestingly Journalism is getting crony, while the new age whistle blowers and RTE activists try to fill that gap, often leading into their persecution and even assassination, as we witnessed in last few years.
The book is edited by the eminent media analyst and statesman B.G.Verghese. He gives the introduction to the book passing through the prominance of media in the democratic society like India and how the democracy itself got strengthened and at the same time challenged by the secret war between the true journalism and politics. As he emphasised the need to report a news from all the sides as opposed to the one-sided reporting which he believes is caused by the 24 hour news broadcast trend that is depriving the journalists the liberty to report the right news. While he pointed out the relevence of Rights to Information act passed by the UPA govt as landmark in terms of making the system transparent for the public and at the same time, ironically though, he was emphasizing on certain restrictions in RTE. He treats it diplomatically by appreciating the impact of RTE and at the same time mildly raising the apprehensions of information leak. I couldn't agree with that part though, as any legislation brought towards restrictions in RTE would end up eating the whole thing up, unless judiciary intervenes, which will be an unnecessarily laborious task in India.
The stories covered are - Bhopal MIC tragedy by Raajkumar Keswani, The starvation deaths of Kashipur by Sampad Mahapatra, the Nelli massacre by Sanjoy Hazarika, Tamil genocide in SL by Anita Pratap, the post militant political Kashmir by Muzamil Jaleel, match-fixing scandal in Cricket by Pradeep Magazine, Bofors scandal by Chitra Subramaniam, Tehelka sting operation by Tarun Tejpal and finally on the Gujarat communal violence by Teesta Setalvad. The authors of each chapters tells it from the beginning of their involvement, how they got the tip, ravelled each piece of jigsaw, brought the story into public, were accepted by public, hunted and harassed down by the wielders of power and their lives impacted by these work.
Book starts with the account of Raajkumar keswani, a small time reporter from Bhopal who had been reporting about the potential danger of the union carbide plant in the village ever since it was installed. Even before the final disaster, he accounts, there had been small leakages and minor industrial disasters that had claimed the lives of many workers. Despite of the safety and standards audit showing dismal performance by the company, the government never bothered to investigate the news reports he published. Until the disaster struck, none of the news papers, except Indian express in a single occasion, bothered to throw some light on it. I wonder how many such news reports are getting overlooked or purposefully downplayed in this country, waiting for the tragedy to happen. Jaitapur Nuclear plant, Mullaperiyar dam, how many more? The massacre at Nelli was no different. The illegal immigration from Bangladesh, and gross social unrest that were perpetually downplayed by the government and equally ignored by national media ultimately culminated in a gruesome massacre of Bangladeshi immigrants in Nelli village in Assam.
Chitra Subramaniam's and Anita Pratap's accounts had many similarities; they are the 2 women who brought much trouble to Rajiv Gandhi. One in the form of Bofors scandal whiles the other on the Tamil massacre and about subsequent involvements of IPKF into this trouble. She being one of the few journalists who had been into the war front news correspondence early in the times of print and radio journalism, tells about her rub-off with the defence and intelligence officials despite whose hurdles she was able to bring eye-witness accounts of civil war in Srilanka, which in fact boosted the morale of the Army. When the passion of journalism creeps into the blood it eclipses everything, even the family, says Chitra subramanian. But as all the fights against a powerful system are destined, both of them had to finally quit although she pursued it even after The Hindu took the story off its shelf following political pressure. And after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, to their dismay, the investigation went into total oblivion.
In a civil society which is not transparent yet, I personally believe that, the people in power should never be given any benefit of doubt. Looking the balance of power, there is hardly any place in this country where we can say that, here people are in power and not politicians. In such a place, a good journalist would be the one who is a thorn in the velvet cushion of the powerful. The big news is big only because it shakes the establishments of power. Such a government having sold itself off to the private parties tries to play off a mean game against a village that is reluctant to give way to a mine in Orissa. When several villagers in Kashipur died, the village officials decided to write it off as food poisoning, which was in fact a food poisoning induced by un-availability of food. Sampad Mahapatra got involved in the investigations that told a simple fact that, in the time of dire situations humans try to find something to hang on. And these villagers, having been denied their rightful share of ration, had been pushed to a state where they had to consume contaminated dried mango kernels and wild mushroom. The government still stands by their claim that it was a mere food poisoning, and consuming mango kernels was their tradition.
The thin line between an investigator and reporter, between activist and reporter is tested in many such cases. I cannot deny that even when I am typing this, there is someone scheming about some crime of wide social consequences. Plenty of things happening around, often under our noses or about something which is outright guessable, like the illegal mining, encroachments, land mafias, defence lobbying. A true investigative reporter should be able smell those trouble, says Chitra, which was what she had been looking out in the multimillion deal that was being signed between the Swedish arms giant Bofors and GOI. It is the same sixth senses that lead Tarun Tejpal to initiate his Operation west-end that trapped money hungry politicians and army officers in sting operation. Pradeep Magazine's scoop came out through a casual talk with a bookie in West Indies which prompted him to disguise himself as someone close to the cricketers. His adventure ended up in exposing one of the biggest match fixing scandals that rocked the trust of millions on the game of cricket.
Jaleel's account on Kashmir talks about how, as a journalist, his credibility was tested in Kashmir as caught between devil and deep sea. If a journalist writes about atrocities of Kashmiri militancy he would be declared as pro-GOI and would end up becoming a target for separatists, whereas if he writes about army atrocities the GOI would declare him as pro-separatist and could end up in censoring his articles. Being a territory of where a sane journalist would never want to stay, he managed to survive and had been successful in gaining access to the areas which had been barred for other journalists. He accounts for how many journalists have been targeted in Kashmir, as he says Army takes it away in day time and militants takes it away at night. He isn't sure how long he can survive in a place of least press freedom and high volatility without losing the trust of either side.
Beyond the stories, it also tells how these impacted them personally. Anita pratap talks about how RAW agents were advised to threaten her by kidnapping her son, if she did not reveal the names of her sources of leaked news. Chitra Subramaniam speaks of how terrified her husband and in-laws was when she was making calls to the sting agents in sweden, on Bofors issue, two days after the delivery of her first child, from the hospital bed! And Tarun Tejpal recounts the tense moments of Samuel Mathews and Anirudh Bahl and their laborious editing phase and the period of dark clouds when Tehelka was destroyed from the arena. Teesta Setlevad's account on post-godhra riot had the flavour of human rights activism more than journalism. Her’s were the account of how a state deliberately tried all it could to let the rioters have a carnage for days. The reluctant hospitals, who denied treatment to wounded, unbothered police force and the ordeals in bringing the guilty in front of justice, are accounted in the final chapters.
Often the journalism has come under the scanner of being biased, this stigma still holds true in all the major media houses. They often end up as mere mouthpieces of either the political parties or corporate. Hence the biggest challenge a journalist face would be to get the facts sorted out from all the parties. Taking the case of the Maoists insurgency or the Kashmir issue, only a few media did cover the news from all perspectives. The new age of 24x7 news channels has failed in this case, mainly because of the competition to report something before the rival channel. They invariably end up with the most easily accessible sources, like the police or army or political spokespersons for news, editors then sensationalize it and that comes as breaking news they are not patient enough to get the complete picture leading to bias in the report, which they hide skilfully with their diplomatic statements. Another problem with the 24x7 channels is that the shelf-life of a news item is very less. News of importance loses its temper after few days or until another breaking news surfaces. Ultimately this TRP hunter ends up more as a bane rather than becoming a boon! So, while the TRP hunters are on their spree, all we can do is to trust those unknown faces that are on prowl at the backyards of the society to unveil the veiled.
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